Use of L. javanica to treat asthma [80], fatigue, and nasal congestion [26] as well as laboured breathing [81] is common amongst other South African cultures. The maximum fidelity level of 100% was reported for 71.1% (n=74) of species, with the majority having extremely lower use-mention (UM) against a particular ailment (Table 1). A total of two (7.4%) species D. elata and S. serratuloides were multiused by Bapedi THs to cure asthma, fatigue, and wheezing. [23] who questioned Zulu THs and Nzue [45] who worked with Rastafarians of Western Cape Province of South Africa. In other studies conducted in Zimbabwe [41, 42], this species was amongst the ten most used asthma remedies. In the past week, we featured the Best Indoor Plants for Asthma, Allergy, and Air Pollution on our Instagram page and we decided to turn it into a blog, in an attempt to make it more comprehensive. Species used as medicine for asthma and nasal congestion made up 18.5% (n=5) and included K. wilmsii, P. punctulata, P. zeylanica, S. nitidum, and V. natalensis. Overall, the larger number of species documented in the present study is recorded for the first time in literature as asthma and/or related symptoms remedies. Widespread use of this species in the treatment of respiratory infections including asthma by Zulu THs has wiped out its entire local population within the communal lands in KwaZulu-Natal Province [47]. Thrice a day, Boiled for 6–10 minutes. Thrice a day. Higher usage of leaves by Bapedi THs might be linked to their ease of collection and transportation, both compared with other parts. To the best of our knowledge there are presently no ethnobotanical surveys focusing on the utilisation of herbal remedies for asthma in South Africa. Boiled for 6 minutes. However, this postulation warrants further investigations. Extract is taken orally. The stated uses of this species are recorded in our study for the first time in South Africa but are common in other countries. Van Staden, “Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, antioxidant and phytochemical properties of medicinal plants used for pain-related ailments in South Africa,”, G. B. Hammond, I. D. Fernández, L. F. Villegas, and A. J. Vaisberg, “A survey of traditional medicinal plants from the Callejon de Huaylas, Department of Ancash, Peru,”. Pounded and extract is taken orally. Amongst these plants 88% (n=22) were used to treat a single ailment, namely, fatigue (A. digitata, A. adianthifolia, A. falcata, B. diversispina, B. subvolubilis, C. edulis, C. ilicifolia, D. rotundifolia, E. goetzei, H. caespititium, H. obtusa, M. oleifera, P. luteo-album, S. bicolor, T. dioica, and V. reflexa), laboured breathing (D. viscosa), nasal congestion (G. hispida, K. brachyloba, and T. violacea), tight chest (C. limon), and wheezing (E. lysistemon). Extract is taken orally. For instance, the Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae were also represented with higher number of species in a study conducted in India [34]. Overall an aromatic herb L. javanica was the only (3.7%, n=1) species widely used by Bapedi THs. However, as far as our literature search went, application of A. sativum for laboured breathing is presently restricted to Bapedi THs in Africa but used as such by THs in India [74]. Similar finding was reported amongst Swati THs residing in Swaziland [46]. The use A. fruticosa, A. spinosa, C. laureola, C. abbreviata, C. sexangularis, E. burkei, M. juncea, P. caffra (asthma and fatigue), and P. africanum (asthma) as therapies for the mentioned aliments as disclosed by Bapedi THs was not found in literature, thus reported in the present study for the first time. They may suggest additional treatment, such as a preventer inhaler. 5. Dosage strength of herbal remedy recorded in this study was also determined (Table 1). Most (50%, n=26) of the remaining plants, A. galpinii, A. erioloba, A. senegal, A. sieberiana, B. discolor, B. salviifolia, C. edulis, C. glabrum, C. caulescens, C. metuliferus, D. senecioides, Dioscorea sylvatica, E. magalismontanum, E. schinzii, G. sulcata, H. caffrum, I. albivenia, J. zeyheri, L. rugosa, P. grandiflora, R. tomentosa, S. pinnata, Senna italica, S. catombelense, S. panduriforme, and Strophanthus speciosus, used in this study to exclusively treat asthma were also documented for the first time in this study as remedies for this condition. This posit is ascribed to the fact that most of Swaziland is locked within South Africa, which might had allowed easy transfers of knowledge amongst THs across geographical borders. The remainder of the applications of aforesaid species is currently restricted to Bapedi THs. Naoumi [17] also found that most of the asthma medicines in his study are administered orally with very few which were taken topically. The above can also be said for 19.3% (n=20) of plants, namely, Adansonia digitata, Adenia fruticosa, Aloe spp., Citrus limon, Clerodendrum glabrum, Cucumis metuliferus, Englerophytum magalismontanum, Erythrina lysistemon, Eucomis autumnalis, Euphorbia schinzii, Lantana rugosa, Leonotis leonurus, Maerua juncea, Olea europaea, Pseudognaphalium luteo-album, Solanum catombelense, Solanum panduriforme, Vepris reflexa, Warburgia salutaris, and Xerophyta retinervis, which were utilised by THs in particular municipalities located in one district. The widespread and higher utilisation of species from all the aforesaid botanical families is an indication that they are widely distributed in various countries of the world. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Thrice a day. Thrice a day, Boiled for 3–8 minutes and steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. E. B-. Thrice a day, Rubbed (raw) between hands and vapour is inhaled (nasally). The rest (24.0%, n=25) of the species recorded in this study as part of asthma management were exclusively used by THs to treat various conditions they perceived as being associated with this inflammatory condition (Table 1). Chiang, “COPD management. Remedies were prepared via boiling, macerating, pounding, squeezing, and rubbing and raw (prescribed as harvested). Therefore, there is inadequate infrastructure, high unemployment, and dependency on natural resources amongst the people to support their livelihoods [28]. 2016;16:33. doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0195-3.,”. So without further ado, here are the best indoor plants that can purify our air and help asthma … Part II. The traditional applications of some species used by these THs to treat asthma and related conditions are comparable to that noted in literature amongst the various cultures in South Africa, other African countries, and elsewhere; thus demonstrating that there is a cultural link between diverse ethnic groups of the world, and exchange of traditional healing knowledge pertinent to these afflictions. Extract is used topically as bath. Thrice a day, Pounded and taken orally with warm water. To the best of our knowledge, with the exclusion of S. birrea which were previously highlighted by Ojewole [36] as being used for asthma in unspecified Southern Africa countries, all the aforesaid taxa are recorded for the first time in our study as remedy for this ailment. However, its use for wheeze is presently restricted to the Bapedi THs. Feb 6, 2016 - Explore Christopher's board "Plant Remedies For Asthma" on Pinterest. Distinct preferences of oral as route of herbal administration by Bapedi THs might be attributed to its convenience, for instance, it is straightforward and thus requires no special training. Field excursions for medicinal plant species identification and collection were conducted with the assistance of each questioned traditional healer. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. This finding might be attributed to the natural distribution of these taxa in the studied districts or variation with respect to THs’ indigenous knowledge related to their applications as antiasthmatic medicines. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. The widespread utilisation of these species shows that they are popular, safe, and well-known as asthma therapies in Bapedi traditional healing sectors. Tell a GP or asthma nurse if you have to use your reliever inhaler 3 or more times a week. Some of the aforementioned taxa, notably E. camaldulensis, M. indica, O. ficus-indica, P. granatum, and Z. mays, are exotic in South Africa, thus suggesting two things: (i) that the original knowledge of their application for asthma by Bapedi was obtained via interactions with outside THs and/or (ii) was given by ancestors via dreams. This might be true since the known general medicinal usage of K. wilmsii is presently restricted to this culture. Even though Peace Lily is a flowering plant, it has heavier and stickier pollen which are less likely to cause allergic reactions. 3. From conservation point of view restricted knowledge of the above-mentioned species to Bapedi THs as therapies for asthma to some extent has advantage, as it decreases the impact of being extensively and recurrently harvested across the countries to manage this chronic disorder. Thrice a day, Pounded and mixed with dried powdered stem of, Pounded and mixed with dried powered leaf of, Pounded and mixed with a dried powdered root of, Boiled for 5–11 minutes. A total of 104 medicinal plant species (92 indigenous and 12 exotics) belonging to 92 genera, distributed across 54 botanical families, mostly the Asteraceae and Fabaceae (n=10 spp., for each, 18.5%), Malvaceae (n=7 spp., 12.9%), Anacardiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae (n=4 spp., for each, 7.4%), respectively, were recorded as being used by 140 Bapedi THs to treat these conditions. However, dosage inconsistency amongst interviewed Bapedi THs was noted for some preparations. Particular ailment [ 32 ] [ 38 ] KwaZulu-Natal Province noted A. amatymbica as a valued medicine for and. Study harvest it from home gardens cell migration, especially eosinophils, in a manner... Rooms using Sepedi dialect level expresses the preference a species is currently restricted to the best of knowledge! 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